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An appropriate regulatory regime is needed for the management of post-accident contaminated material and radioactive waste that clearly defines the roles and responsibilities of the various institutions involved. |
Advance planning, prior to any accident, and preparedness for regulating the management of contaminated material and radioactive waste arising from protective actions implemented during an emergency phase or remedial measures would be an advantage. |
| Reference Document:
The Fukushima Daiichi Accident - Technical Volume 5 - Post-accident Recovery |
| Link to Reference Document:
<a href=http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/AdditionalVolumes/P1710/Pub1710-TV5-Web.pdf#page=145 target='_blank' alt='Open site in new window'><img src='/FukushimaLessonsLearned/Images1/Thumbnails/external-link-xxl.gif' style='height:25px; width:25px;' /></a> |
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Control of the amount of contaminated material generated as a result of implementing the remediation strategy is important. |
Having established criteria for acceptable residual contamination, it is essential to carefully control the amount of contaminated material generated during the implementation of the remediation strategy to minimize the amount of waste that must be managed. |
| Reference Document:
The Fukushima Daiichi Accident - Technical Volume 5 - Post-accident Recovery |
| Link to Reference Document:
<a href=http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/AdditionalVolumes/P1710/Pub1710-TV5-Web.pdf#page=145 target='_blank' alt='Open site in new window'><img src='/FukushimaLessonsLearned/Images1/Thumbnails/external-link-xxl.gif' style='height:25px; width:25px;' /></a> |
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The availability of generic storage and disposal facility concepts would be beneficial. |
Should the use of storage facilities for extended periods of time be anticipated, the ageing management of these facilities needs to be considered. |
| Reference Document:
The Fukushima Daiichi Accident - Technical Volume 5 - Post-accident Recovery |
| Link to Reference Document:
<a href=http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/AdditionalVolumes/P1710/Pub1710-TV5-Web.pdf#page=145 target='_blank' alt='Open site in new window'><img src='/FukushimaLessonsLearned/Images1/Thumbnails/external-link-xxl.gif' style='height:25px; width:25px;' /></a> |
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It is necessary to recognize the socioeconomic consequences of any nuclear accident and of the subsequent protective actions, and to develop revitalization and reconstruction projects that address issues such as reconstruction of infrastructure, community revitalization and compensation. |
Nuclear accidents and the protective and remedial actions introduced in both the emergency phase and the post-accident recovery phase, with the objective of reducing doses, have far reaching consequences on the way of life of the affected population. Engagement of stakeholders at various stages of remediation and recovery is essential. |
| Reference Document:
The Fukushima Daiichi Accident - Technical Volume 5 - Post-accident Recovery |
| Link to Reference Document:
<a href=http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/AdditionalVolumes/P1710/Pub1710-TV5-Web.pdf#page=176 target='_blank' alt='Open site in new window'><img src='/FukushimaLessonsLearned/Images1/Thumbnails/external-link-xxl.gif' style='height:25px; width:25px;' /></a> |
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The payment of compensation to individuals for losses, injuries and harm is an important tool for recovery but is challenging to implement. |
The compensation framework needs to be transparent and include mechanisms that stimulate the return of residents to their homes or enable them to establish a new life elsewhere. This needs to be implemented, as much as possible, in an equitable way that does not lead to divisions within or between communities. The continued exploration of different compensation models and their impacts on remediation decision making could contribute to the development of international guidance on recovery mechanisms. |
| Reference Document:
The Fukushima Daiichi Accident - Technical Volume 5 - Post-accident Recovery |
| Link to Reference Document:
<a href=http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/AdditionalVolumes/P1710/Pub1710-TV5-Web.pdf#page=177 target='_blank' alt='Open site in new window'><img src='/FukushimaLessonsLearned/Images1/Thumbnails/external-link-xxl.gif' style='height:25px; width:25px;' /></a> |
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Involvement of the affected populations in decision making and implementation of remediation is essential for the success, acceptability and efficiency of recovery. |
There is a need for international guidance on communication and stakeholder engagement during accident recovery and remediation. |
| Reference Document:
The Fukushima Daiichi Accident - Technical Volume 5 - Post-accident Recovery |
| Link to Reference Document:
<a href=http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/AdditionalVolumes/P1710/Pub1710-TV5-Web.pdf#page=177 target='_blank' alt='Open site in new window'><img src='/FukushimaLessonsLearned/Images1/Thumbnails/external-link-xxl.gif' style='height:25px; width:25px;' /></a> |
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A generic national framework for public communication and stakeholder involvement related to accident recovery and remediation is needed to establish effective mechanisms for dialogue with a clear allocation of roles and responsibilities. |
Engaging with stakeholders is a long term process, requiring the use of appropriate procedures for all aspects and participants. Engagement can take place at different levels and may include representatives from all parts of society. Regular engagement in advance of any accident can help to build trust and a common understanding. It is important that recovery strategies and activities such as site selection for waste management facilities and remedial actions are included in this dialogue. |
| Reference Document:
The Fukushima Daiichi Accident - Technical Volume 5 - Post-accident Recovery |
| Link to Reference Document:
<a href=http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/AdditionalVolumes/P1710/Pub1710-TV5-Web.pdf#page=177 target='_blank' alt='Open site in new window'><img src='/FukushimaLessonsLearned/Images1/Thumbnails/external-link-xxl.gif' style='height:25px; width:25px;' /></a> |
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Self-help activities by local residents, such as monitoring and participation in remediation actions, are important mechanisms for fostering an understanding of remedial measures and providing the public with a degree of control over their situation. |
The provision of monitoring stations for the public at local centres and the dissemination of monitoring data help to provide reassurance and promote confidence in the food production system, in particular, and in the success of the remediation actions, in general. However, sufficient resources need to be allocated to support and coordinate the self-help activities and to promote dialogue with experts. |
| Reference Document:
The Fukushima Daiichi Accident - Technical Volume 5 - Post-accident Recovery |
| Link to Reference Document:
<a href=http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/AdditionalVolumes/P1710/Pub1710-TV5-Web.pdf#page=177 target='_blank' alt='Open site in new window'><img src='/FukushimaLessonsLearned/Images1/Thumbnails/external-link-xxl.gif' style='height:25px; width:25px;' /></a> |
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Support by stakeholders is essential for all aspects of post-accident recovery. In particular, engagement of the affected population in the decision making processes is necessary for the success, acceptability and effectiveness of the recovery and for the revitalization of communities. An effective recovery programme requires the trust and the involvement of the affected population. Confidence in the implementation of recovery measures has to be built through processes of dialogue, the provision of consistent, clear and timely information, and support to the affected population. |
Governments need to provide a realistic description of a recovery programme to the public that is consistent, clear and timely. A variety of information channels, including social media, need to be used to reach all interested groups. Perceptions of radiation risks and answers to questions about ‘safe’ radiation levels have many dimensions, including scientific, societal and ethical. These answers need to be clearly communicated to relevant communities through educational programmes — ideally before an accident has occurred. It is important that the affected population receives support for local recovery efforts. Support for self-help actions related to remediation and for rebuilding businesses can increase involvement in the recovery programme, and build the trust of the affected population. |
| Reference Document:
The Fukushima Daiichi Accident - Technical Volume 5 - Post-accident Recovery |
| Link to Reference Document:
<a href=http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/AdditionalVolumes/P1710/Pub1710-TV5-Web.pdf#page=177 target='_blank' alt='Open site in new window'><img src='/FukushimaLessonsLearned/Images1/Thumbnails/external-link-xxl.gif' style='height:25px; width:25px;' /></a> |
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